Ancient Rome
Known as "Roma" on coins until 100BC.
Subsequently it was known as:
S.P.Q.R. : Senātus Populusque Rōmānus
The Senate and People of Rome
The initialism S.P.Q.R. remained in use after the Roman Republic became the Roman Empire, even though the people's representatives within the senate now had limited power. The Emperor himself was the official representative of the will of the Roman people.
Rome grew and advanced for 1148 years until it became too big for one government to control and split into two self-governing Empires.
Roman Kingdom (Old Latin)
753–509 BC
Roman Republic (Latin)
509–27 BC
Roman Empire (Latin)
27 BC – AD 395
Divided Roman Empire (Latin until 610, then Greek)
395 – 480 AD (Western Roman Empire)
395 – 1453 AD (Eastern Roman Empire)
Numerous factors caused the Western Empire to collapse only 85 years after the final division of the Roman Empire. By this point the official religion of the Roman territories was Christianity.
The Eastern Empire (also called the Byzantine Empire) survived 1058 years after the final division of the Roman Empire. It flourished until 1204 when its capital Constantinople was sacked during the Fourth Crusade. It was finally destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.
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